| 抄録（英）： |
This paper describes damage oin railways due to past earthquakes, especially Hanshin-Awagi earthquake. We learned many lessons from Hanshin-Awagi earthquake. In past strong earthquakes, subways did not suffer so much, so there are almost no examples of severe damage to existing subway systems throughout the world. The damage done by this earthquake in Kobe city is the first such example of severe damage to a subway system. Looking back over time, no strong earthquakes has occurred directly below a large city in Japan since the Fukui Earthquake of 1948. Therefore Japan had not experienced the collapse of many civil engineering structures, and the myth was born that structures in Japan are designed to withstand earthquakes. After the 1971 San Fenabdi Earthquake in the United States, when reinforced concrete highway bridges were destroyed, the United States revised its Earthquake Resistance Code from the conventional method based on earthquake force to one based on the increasing ductility of structural members. In 1981, the earthquake resistant design method used in Japan was also revised. Probably because of this, structures built in Kobe in recent years appeared to suffer less danage than those built prior to 1981.
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